After learning P/E, EPS and ROE, profitability ratios complete the picture and show how efficiently a company turns its resources into profit.

Return on Assets (ROA)

Net profit ÷ total assets. It measures how efficiently assets generate profit. A high ROA = efficient management. What counts as "high" varies by sector (banks lower, industrials higher).

EBITDA

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization. It gives a "raw" operating-profitability view, stripping out financing structure and taxes — useful for comparing companies with different debt levels.

Profit margins

  • Gross margin: gross profit ÷ revenue — production/pricing efficiency.
  • Net margin: net profit ÷ revenue — the bottom line after all expenses.

How to use them

Compare ratios within the same sector and over time for the same company; absolute numbers matter less than the trend and the comparison. Find the metrics on the stock pages. See also how to tell if a stock is cheap or expensive.