Book value per share = (total equity ÷ number of shares). It theoretically represents what a shareholder would get if the company's assets were liquidated and debts paid. The price-to-book ratio is P/B = price ÷ book value per share.

How to read P/B

  • P/B below 1: the stock trades below book value — possibly a value opportunity, or a warning sign.
  • High P/B: the market pays a premium for growth expectations or a strong brand.

When is P/B useful?

Most useful for banks and asset-heavy companies (real estate, industrials) where assets are tangible and measurable. Less useful for services and tech firms whose value lies in intangibles.

Beware the value trap

A low-P/B stock isn't always cheap; its assets may be losing value or earnings may be weak. Combine P/B with profitability, dividends and the earnings trend.

Review valuation ratios on the stock pages or via the AI assistant.